Argumentation research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Argumentation - Research Paper Example This polarity causes huge discussions over the talk of Hip Hop in the general public. Hip Hop utilizes a brutal language that numerous individuals find wrong. In reality, the primary entertainers used to fundamentally utilize verses depicting youthful blacks murdering cops. This savage discourse finds numerous spoilers and causes a lot of discussion in the media and the general public as a rule. In any case, with the new upset, the savage stories moved from executing police officers to slaughtering different blacks. In spite of this adjustment in points of view, the fierce talk is as yet present as specialists portray the killings between dark groups and their excursion in jail cells. Jeffrey Ogbar uncovers that the adjustment in the stories diminishes the negative generalizations of blacks and that the verses speak to a masterful articulation as well as certain real factors (98). Despite the fact that the new Hip Hop unrest doesn't depict any longer the killings of cops, it despite everything portrays another type of savagery. Numerous individuals despite everything discover their language hostile on the grounds that the verses uncover a lot of viciousness paying little mind to what structure it takes. Notwithstanding the savage language regarded stunning for most, the harsh accounts coordinated towards ladies additionally cause a lot of disappointment and create huge discussions. As a matter of fact, Black ladies discover the verses in Hip Hop about them profoundly hostile. This article advises: â€Å"The incalculable negative depictions of Black ladies in hip-jump recordings and tune verses could be ordered on an extremely not insignificant rundown. But then to a few, it’s set aside a long effort to draw in the Black people group in a genuine talk about the more disruptive, disparaging parts of hip-bounce music and culture† (Keels). This indignation produced by these verses makes a profound emergency operating at a profit network since ladies c onsider these to be as for the most part keen on cash yet not in the picture of their locale. Dark ladies seriously condemn the language utilized in Hip Hop that doesn't empower great conduct or even reflect great ethics. The verses about viciousness, medications and sex make these ladies stressed, particularly on the grounds that kids will in general view these specialists as good examples. The creator includes: â€Å"Women express their profound mconcern about the rise of gangsta rap and its verses that outrageously celebrated thuggery, savagery, sedate maltreatment and terrible, belittling mentalities about and activities towards ladies, particularly African-Americans† (Keels). The language used to depict Black ladies makes them extremely baffled as they become the objective of gatherings that disregard their security and their uprightness through exceptionally hostile verses. Moreover, some language utilized in Hip Hop has additionally been found for the most part critica l by both white and individuals of color. For example, the word â€Å"nigger† that mirrors a vey agonizing past described by subjugation and racial isolation was nearly exiled from jargon yet has been restored in Hip Hop language. The utilization of the word in Hip Hop clasps and recordings makes both dissatisfaction and anxiety in networks since it speaks to a token of the past. This article notes: â€Å"The larger part of rappers are African Americans and most white individuals would be astonished to locate the detested word ‘nigger’ utilized so openly. Nonetheless, words that may be wrong for pariahs to utilize are generally utilized by those inside a gathering. So too with

Marketing Plan of Divine Chocolate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advertising Plan of Divine Chocolate - Essay Example The scientist expresses that with Fair Trade, Divine Chocolate guarantees that ranchers consistently get a superior arrangement for their commitments and that cash contributed for social great in the long run upheld business people, ranchers, and co-agents to get to progressively capital for business.This Fair Trade will make a constructive enthusiasm among clients affecting their purchasing conduct and driving Divine’s benefit. Awesome will go for vital promoting blend in with the emphasis on coordinated showcasing correspondence, serious estimating, online networking advertising, entrance evaluating, division, focusing on and situating procedure. The organization expects that all these promoting systems will enable the organization to accomplish higher showcasing cooperative energy reflected in execution and benefit, prompting 60 percent changes in the absolute turnover and relative gross benefit toward the finish of the principal year. In the UK, the chocolate ice cream par lor advertise has been seeing consistent development of 5% and the pattern is relied upon to proceed till 2016. The UK chocolate advertise has reached almost  £4,000 billion out of 2011, which was a 21 percent expansion over a multi year time span. In view of Mintel’s discoveries, it is accounted for that UK chocolate showcase is relied upon to reach to  £5,059 billion in the most pessimistic scenario or  £5,531 billion out of a best case. The market pattern is plot above. So as to snatch the better cut of this rising showcasing openings, Divine Chocolate has planned on its method of advertising chocolates by concentrating on Fair Trade and moral business. Established in 1993 with the introduction of Kuapa Kokoo which was a spearheading helpful association started by cocoa ranchers in Ghana, Divine guaranteed its clients to bring a tasty Fairtrade chocolate elective. The showcasing plan of Divine includes severe consistence with UK’s food and medication organizat ion rules and EU’s Cocoa and Chocolate Products Regulations of 1993. The activities will have consented to different guidelines, or corrections to past guidelines identified with sanitation, chocolate or confectionary substance, moral necessities and so forth that are winning in the UK.

Argumentative Essay Topics Related to Domestic Violence

Argumentative Essay Topics Related to Domestic ViolenceArgumentative essay topics related to domestic violence can be a challenge. Domestic violence has become a highly controversial topic in recent years. It is hard to write about it without taking a position one way or the other. It is easy to be confused about how to write, so what is a good place to start?First, you should look for example essays on domestic violence that have appeared in print. Look for these in university and community colleges. A few examples are: John Baker's essay 'The Gift of Uniqueness' in the Journal of African American Studies; and Stephanie Coontz's essay 'The God Delusion' in the New York Review of Books. Some examples may include articles that are long-winded and not particularly clear. But they give you a starting point.After you have found a few examples of arguments against domestic violence, read them carefully and think about your own views. While this is not an exact science, it can help you lea rn about how to organize and frame your arguments. Some people prefer to focus on making their arguments look simple and elegant.One of the basic rules for arguing is that it should be clear and precise. Even if you can't really argue that your point is simple, you should at least be able to state it clearly and persuasively. Arguments that are unclear and muddled will only serve to convince your reader that you are either confusing them or that you are not convincing.It is important to make your arguments interesting. The more interesting your subject, the more interesting your argument will be. This means writing about your life, which may be quite different from your opponents'. It also means that you should be able to explain your points in simple terms. Ifyou can't do this, consider rethinking your topic or changing it entirely.Make sure that your argument is relevant to your topic of domestic violence. If your argument is not connected to the actual content of your paper, read ers will not understand it. And if they cannot understand it, you are unlikely to persuade them.Generalize, but avoid overgeneralizing. If you are arguing about the details of an attack, for example, do not claim that all domestic violence is like that. Instead, make general statements such as: 'domestic violence is often used to punish a woman or even to gain control over her.' However, if you are arguing that all domestic violence is like that, you should make a statement such as: 'all domestic violence is generally similar to that.'Argumentative essay topics related to domestic violence can be challenging, but if you follow these rules, you should be able to write on the topic and get it right. Consider using this format in your next argumentative essay.

Margaret Atwoods Short Story Happy Endings Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Erica Davis analysis of Happy Endings can be seen as accurate, especially as it pulls apart each version of a happy ending, showing how Atwood plays with different fictional plots when it comes to tales of romance and the so-called happy endings. Davis shows how each scenario has traces of the original scenario, the one in which a happy ending is all that is evident, yet they are riddled with conflict. She goes on to point out that these five other scenarios merely show filler, or the middle, of what could possibly be the first scenario. Everyone could end up with happily ever after and then they will die. Davis says, These boys and girls then slowly disintegrate until we have nothing left but the same ending, no matter how happy the story was. It all comes down to inevitable death. As both Atwood and Davis point out, the beginnings of these stories are always the best. Nothing has yet to be ruined and the story still has the chance to please the reader. The beginning does not s et up much for the ending, so there is very little insight or foreshadow as to what the middle holds. We will write a custom essay sample on Margaret Atwoods Short Story Happy Endings or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The plot consists of a chain of events that, while making up the plot, still hold very little importance when it comes down to the ending of any story. Furthermore, she explains how writers really enjoy creating all of the stuff in the middle, even though it all gets to the same place an ending that most writers do not end up writing about death.

Social Stratification - 1589 Words

DISCUSS TO ASSESS THE APPLICABILITY OF THE CONFLICT THEORY IN EXPLAINING STRATIFICATION. ‘Stratification’ is a term used to characterize a structure of inequality where individuals occupy differentiated structural positions and the positions are situated in layers (or strata) that are ranked hierarchically according to broadly recognized standards .( Durlauf 1999) The conflict theory in relation to social stratification argues that stratification,†reflects the distribution of power in society and is therefore a major source of disorder and coercion.†(Stanley 1998 : 227). The conflict theory is an acceptable way of understanding and explaining social stratification however on its own it does not adequately answer all the questions about†¦show more content†¦They usually even move to certain residential areas which can only be afforded by people of their calibre. Likewise those who are getting less rewards probably for doing a less recognised task will begin to segregate themselves from the above described group. They will associated with others with whom they share the same economic overview and challenges with. Already we can see that there is a development of clearly defined classes, which is a major characteristic of social stratification. Furthermore those who are in the privileged economic tend to use their power and influence through media and publicity, educational institutions as well as religious institutions such as churches to instil an attitude and mindset to their inferiors in which the latter begin to accept their low positions and status as natural. Karl Marx called this â€Å"False Consciousness†. (Sonnet and Cobb 1973) The conflict theory attempts to explain social stratification economically. Conflict theorists disregard issues of gender, race and ethnicity and they only focus on the role played by the economy in bringing about social stratification. They reason that stratification is defined by relations concerning possession of the means of production as well as work and labour .The conflict theorists’ beliefs’ include that those at the top of hierarchies are there at the expense of those that at theShow MoreRelatedStratification, Stratification And Social Structure Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesIn our daily social life, when people meeting together whether with a stranger or a friend, they are likely to classify others by a certain category of characteristics consciously or unconsciously. However, making categories not only applies to individual life, also societies have categories, as what the sociologists called stratification. Stratification which divides people according to social structures refers to bigger areas of factor including gender, age, ethnicity, family lineage, economicRead MoreEssay about Social Stratification 1554 Words   |  7 Pagesclass that you are born into will determine the life chances you ultimately have for the rest of your life. Australian society is highly based upon the concept of social stratification which â€Å"refers to the division of the population of a society into strata arranged in a hierarchy† (Aspin, Lois J., 1996: page 39) Sociologists study the social world through paradigms, which are theoretical framew orks such as functionalism and conflict theory. The way that they view society is through these paradigms inRead MoreSocial Stratification1648 Words   |  7 PagesSocial stratification defines any structure of inequality that persists in a society across generations. Social strata are groups of people — who belong to the same social class or have the same social level. Social strata are organised in a vertical hierarchy. In the early societies people shared a common social standing. In the hunting and gathering societies there was little stratification: men hunted for meat while women gathered edible plants. The general welfare of the society depended on theRead MoreSocial Stratification1358 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿SOCIAL SCIENCE 101 (Society and Culture with Population Education) Unit IV. Social Stratification Meaning of Social Stratification When sociologists speak of stratification, they are referring to social inequality and social ranking, thus, stresses the differences among people. Is an institutionalized pattern of inequality in which social categories ranked on the basis of their access to scarce resources. Is the hierarchy arrangement and establishment of social categories that evolveRead MoreSocial Stratification864 Words   |  4 PagesSOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND SOCIAL MOBILITY IN THE CARIBBEAN Presenter Ms. N. Lewis What is social Stratification? ï  ¬ This refers to the ranking of social groups according to one or more criteria deemed important to society. ï  ¬ The ranking indicates that some groups have more and others have less of what society values- for example, money, power and prestige. Types of stratification Systems There are two types of stratification systems: 1. Closed system of stratification 2. Open system of stratificationRead MoreClass Stratification And Social Stratification1485 Words   |  6 PagesQ. ‘Class stratification is no longer relevant in explaining equality in the U.K. today.’ A. Class stratification runs on 3 main points: Power (legal ability, capacity or authority granted on a person/persons), Prestige (a reputation or influence arising from success) and Privilege (a special right or immunity) with these being the root of social stratification it’s easy to see why inequality in universal with the bourgeoisie (the elite 2% of the world) controlling the proletariat (working classRead MoreSocial Stratification : Functional Theory, And Conflict Theory1091 Words   |  5 PagesDoes Social Stratification Have a Functional Purpose in Society Social Stratification is considered to be a hierarchy of positions concerning economic production which influences the social rewards to those in the positions (Social Stratification, Definition Social Stratification, n.d.). There are two commonly known theories when it comes to social stratification, the functional theory, and the conflict theory. The functionalist believes that stratification is needed for society to enhance stabilityRead MoreThe Concept Of Social Stratification893 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of social stratification is quite complex. It involves categorizing a person into socioeconomic levels based upon one’s profession, wealth, social status, and perceived power. Such a stratification makes up a social hierarchy, which involves placing groups of people in a higher standing than another group, with fewer people being included into the ‘higher’ classes. These concepts were not always apparent, only developing as result of human influence. Using Sumer and Uruk as examples,Read MoreThe Origin of Social Stratification5566 Words   |  23 PagesINTRODUCTION Social stratification is rigid subdivision of society into a hierarchy of layers, differentiated on the basis of power, prestige and wealth. It is the hierarchical arrangement of people in a society. Stratification is common in the animal kingdom on the basis of power and gender and some form of stratification has probably always existed among humans. With the development of food and other surpluses resulting from technological advances in agriculture and manufacturing, some peopleRead MoreSystems of Social Stratification2682 Words   |  11 Pagessystems of social stratification. The main aim of this essay is to compare and contrast these systems as well as indicating their advantages and disadvantages to development. The essay begins with defining the key terms which include comparing, contrasting and development. It further goes on to define as well as explain social stratification itself, the caste, the class and the colour-bar systems respectively. The essay further talks about the advantages and disadvantages of these systems of social stratification

Cause and Effect Analysis Advertising for Blood Donation

Causes and effects of advertising for blood donation Introduction To encourage people to donate blood, there is need to advertise and make people understand the effects of blood donation. Advertising encourages people to donate blood and can also be used as a reminder. Donating blood ensures that there is enough blood in the blood banks, in case of an emergency blood requirement. Showing people that by them donating blood they could be saving a life will encourage people to donate blood more frequently. This paper will analyze the effect of advertising to encourage people to donate blood. The amount of blood donated after an advertisement has been shown to increase, and this goes to show that advertising does work. Advertisements for blood donations have positive and negative effects on the community. The advertisements are in the everyday aspects of the modern society. Though the advertisements are sometimes manipulative, they make use of techniques that are controversial and the adverts appeal psychologically which encourages more blood donation.(Katsaliaki Brailsford, 2007). This paper will show that blood donations are guided by advertisements. Causes of advertising for blood donation There are many reasons of advertising for blood donations. The major cause has been low levels in the blood banks. When blood banks are running low on blood, they need to advertise to increase the blood. Without advertising, the community would not be aware of the need for donatingShow MoreRelatedResearch Report – Young Peoples’ Attitude, Behaviour and Motivation for Blood Donation3244 Words   |  13 PagesYoung peoples’ attitude, behaviour and motivation for blood donation. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 4 2. Literature review 5 3. Research objective 6 4. Methodology 8 5. Results 8 6. Discussion 12 7. Conclusions and Implications 13 8. Limitations and Recommendations 13 Abstract With one in three Australian’s needing blood in their lifetime, but only one in thirty donating, the need for the Australian Red Cross Blood Service to maximise donor recruitment and retentionRead MoreLive Right Wellness Center Is An Idea That Can Help Everyone1925 Words   |  8 Pagesthat was created to solve the problem of obesity and the related health issues that come along with it including diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and osteoarthritis. In Anne Arundel county, 165,000 residents die of coronary heart disease which does not meet the national standard of 103,000 (Shuch, 2015). This makes it the second leading cause of death in the county which could be helped by lower obesity rates. When you walk in the front door of Live Right Wellness Center you will beRead MoreThe Cost of Funding American Public Schools 1495 Words   |  6 Pageswe see daily plastered on everything from cars to public bathrooms and everything in between. In a rebuttal to writer Sean McCollum as it pertains to the pros and cons of corporate sponsorship in public schools, writer Joanna Blythman details one effect that corporate sponsorship can have: Business marketers have wanted to get into schools for decades. Know why? Picture rows and rows of captive students who cant leave, switch channels during the commercial, or drag away the giant machine that plugsRead MoreLevis Versus Lee2534 Words   |  11 Pagesand in-store shops. (www.levistrauss.com, 16/9/05) ADVERTISING AND PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES SALES PROMOTION: This is a piece of sales promotion that Levis is introducing into their stores. What it basically involves is a booth that does a full body scan of the customer and then a print out is produced that outlines the Levis styles that fit the best. These booths are situated in the actual Levis store and can in fact have the effect of drawing consumers in considering there is no otherRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Activities at Infosys Technologies Ltd.3535 Words   |  15 PagesBirla Group, and Indian Oil Corporation, to name a few, have been involved in serving the community ever since their inception. Many other organizations have been doing their part for the society through donations and charity events. Today, CSR in India has gone beyond merely charity and donations, and is approached in a more organized fashion. It has become an integral part of the corporate strategy. Companies have CSR teams that devise specific policies, strategies and goals for their CSR programsRead MoreThe Role of Advertising in Marketing Communications9872 Words   |  40 PagesTHE ROLE OF ADVERTISING IN MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS Marketing communications: Marketing communications are the means by which firms attempt to inform, persuade, and remind consumers – directly or indirectly – about the products and brands that they sell. In a sense, marketing communications represent the â€Å"voice† of the brand and are a means by which it can establish a dialogue and build relationships with consumers. Marketing communications perform several functions for consumers. Consumers canRead MoreConstructive Action Essay5974 Words   |  24 PagesMarket Analysis, Planning Promotion The importance of effective market planning and operations. Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦........................................................................3 Topic Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4 Short and Long Term Goals...........................................................................................................5 Setting Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Situation Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreAccounting12656 Words   |  51 PagesChapter 2—The External Environment: Opportunities, Threats, Industry Competition, and Competitor Analysis TRUE/FALSE 1. The health-related concerns in the general environment facing Philip Morris International are part of the physical segment. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 36 OBJ: 02-01 TYPE: comprehension NOT: AACSB: Ethical Legal understanding | Management: Ethical Responsibilities | Dierdorff Rubin: Managing the task environment 2. The external environment facing business stays relativelyRead MoreThe 7 Doors Model for Designing Evaluating Behaviour Change Programs13191 Words   |  53 Pagesathletes have benefited | | | |enormously from improved understanding of nutrition, muscle mechanics, and body | | | |chemistry. Similarly, international political analysis has profited greatly from the | | | |introduction of game theory from mathematics, agriculture from gene research and the | | | |sociology of innovation and, managementRead MoreEssay on Marketing Strategy Report of Panda Restaurant Group3614 Words   |  15 PagesPRG also faces so many challenges caused by diverse cultures and market changes. This research provides marketing strategies for PRG after the analysis of External Environment Trends, Internal Analysis and Consumer Behavior. Key Words: External Environment Trends, Consumer Behavior, Market Segmentation, Target Segment, SWOT analysis, 4P analysis. 1.1 Mission Statement: â€Å"Deliver exceptional Asian dining experiences by building an organization where people are inspired to better their

Case Study Solution for A Blue Sky Strategy Report On Burberry Groups

Question: Describe about A Blue Sky Strategy Report on Burberry? Answer: Introduction Increasing competitive business environment have pushed the organisations towards adapting a strategy, which can help them to sustain in such environment. Today, organisation is trying to identify different types of strategies to fulfill their objectives. Among these strategies, blue sky strategic planning has its own relevance. The core aspect on which this strategy works is that, it emphasizes on the vision of an organisation, but at the same time gives little attention on the details through which the vision will be converted into an actionable plan (Grhan-Canli Maheswaran, 2000, pp.309-317). Focus of this strategic report is to understand the impact of a national brand and its country of origin in context of Burberry. Concept of nation branding is focused towards the examination of the strategic management, value and execution of brands national identity. As an organisation, Burberry was founded in 1856, when its first outerwear garment for sportsmen of Basingstoke was constructed. This, strategic report will analyze the concept of the national branding in context of Burberry as a popular brand in United Kingdom (Peterson Jolibert, 2015, pp.883-900). About Burberry Burberry Groups plc. is an organisation which is one of the top most British luxury fashion house today. As a fashion house, Burberry has engaged in several activities such as distribution of outerwear, fashion accessories, fragrances, sunglasses and cosmetics. One of the most famous product from Burberry is its trench coat. Burberry functions on three models, which are branded stores, franchises, and through concessions in third party stores (Burberry, 2015). Popularity and success of Burberry can be understood by the fact that in 2014, company was ranked 73rd in Best Global Brands report from Interbrand, which further listed it as one of the most valuable brand in the world today. Burberry is also listed on the LSE (London Stock Exchange) since 2014, and is a member of the FTSE 100 index as well. It can be said that Burberry is famous for providing an authentic British heritage it provides through its products. According to organisations strategy, its integrity originates from three important principles of quality, function and contemporary yet classic style. These principles are deep rooted in its integrity. It can be said that Burberry as an organisation has a global reach, where it has presence in all the major economies of the world. Based on its operating model it can be said that, Burberry also has expertise in selling its products through a multichannel mode. In terms of financials, Burberrys finances are displayed in below table: Figure 1: Burberry Facts Financials. Above-mentioned table clearly indicates that how over a period of 6 years (2006-2012), Burberrys revenue and operating income has grown rapidly. For example, in 2006 its revenue was $1190 million USD; however, in 2012 its revenue rose to staggering $3000 million USD, which is more than double of what Burberry, was earning in 2006. In fact, its operating income has also increased significantly from $250 million to $600 million. This substantial growth in the revenue of the organisation the focus of organisation on its performance and improving the productivity over a long period of time (Future Growth Strategies, 2015). In terms of fragmentation in the luxury market of fashion, Burberry has been able to place itself comfortably among its competitors. Below diagram clearly indicates that how Burberry has able to maintain its position of semi-luxury brand, which has something to offer for various segment of the societies in UK. Figure 2: Luxury fashion market research. Source: FT Research Hence, Burberry as a brand has already positioned itself in a place where it can move towards becoming highly premium brand such as Louis Vuitton or becoming a more accessible brand like Ralph Lauren. Ultimately, it all depends on the overall strategy of the brand that it how it grows further not only within United Kingdom, but also at global level (The hypocrisy of Burberry's, 2015). However, in order to fuel the growth of Burberry at international level, an approach of nation branding and country of origin can be applied. Further sections will analyze these two concepts of branding and their application in context of Burberry. What is nation branding? Nation branding is defined as a way in which international public perceives a specific country. This opinion of public from different countries is formed based on the success or failure of the brands/businesses originating from that particular country. Nation branding, has also displayed significant level of impact on the cultural and diplomatic ties between the countries. However, it is important to understand that nation branding cannot be compared to a product branding process. Unlike products, nations cannot be sold. Hence, the process of nation branding cannot be perceived or attempted in a similar fashion like that of product branding. In fact, over a period, several small and large companies that have invested millions of dollars to achieve benefits have practiced nation branding as a concept. In order words, it can be said that nation branding is more about what, exactly a nation can offer to the entire world. For example, United Kingdom is associated with the Jet engine and internet, which it offered to world. In other words, these products and inventions are ways through either which nations have been able to brand themselves explicitly or implicitly (Dinnie, 2010). Hence, nation branding is targeted towards measuring, building, and managing the reputation of countries, in similar way to branding of a place. In this entire exercise, approaches are applied such as focusing on the symbolic values of the products, which in turn provide country distinct characteristics. In this case, example of famous liquor brand Johnny Walker can be considered. Today brand worth of Johnny Walker is estimated to be 3bn GBP, because of which it is considered one of the most valuable whiskey brand in the world today originating from United Kingdom. Today, Johnny Walker is not just a whiskey but is an iconic Scottish brand itself that does not mean that presence of the brand is limited to UK itself; for example, more than 1 million cases of Johnny walker were sold in US, Brazil, and Thailand in 2012. Hence, nation branding as a concept is not only a concept which helps in building the overall image of the nation as a brand, but it also reflects on its exports to the other countries. This phenomenon of nation branding is also known as country of origin effect (COO). It will not be wrong to say that COO or nation branding has significant amount of impact on the perception of the end customer. This can be understood by example China. As a country even though China is famous for its innovative products, but despite of several attempts, China is still considered to be a country which produces maximum number of counterfeit products, due to which credibility of Chinese companies is always under scanner throughout world. Ironically, majority of the electronics companies across world include Apple, uses Chinese manufactured parts, despite of these fact Chinese products still find it hard to remove the infamous tag of hub for duplicate and non-reliable products (Burberry - Iconic British L uxury Brand, 2015). Due to rapid globalization, concept of COO has only intensified, as organisations have realized that COO has major impact on the perception of the customers and it plays a major role in the decision making process. That is why, it is important to understand one basic philosophy, that even though products might be manufactured in factories and workshops, but what consumers buy is the brand. Example of Johnny Walker clearly indicates that how brands can become a face of the nation. That is why organisations irrespective of their size, continue to invest in this direction where they can associate their products with the concept of nation branding (Fan, 2006). Burberry and implementation of COO Now that there is clear understanding of concept of nation branding or COO, and a brief background of Burberry, it is important to formulate a blue-sky strategy report on Burberry w.r.t nation branding. It is important to understand that a blue-sky strategy report is focused more on the vision aspect rather than providing an actionable plan to implement that vision (Han Terpstra, 2011). Before analyzing the overall strategic plan, it is first essential to conduct a situational analysis of Burberry. Currently Burberry has established itself comfortably within the fashion industry and offers range of products to its customer. Range of products, which it offers include, womens wear, menswear, childrens wear, watches and accessories. However, with UK luxury fashion segment dominate by players like Gucci and Prada, Burberry has maintained its focus on the international markets such as US, India, etc. (Brand Finance, 2015). SWOT Analysis of Burberry Strengths Burberry has a strong brand perception not only in UK but also across globe. It is considered a more of a heritage product company. One major strength is its flexibility in product sourcing. Weakness Because of low vertical integration margin and value from manufacturing reduces significantly. Currently Burberry earns its maximum profit from apparel segment, which has seen an increased fashion risk. In developing countries outside UK, Burberry is still considered a highly expensive brand. Opportunities One major opportunity for Burberry lies in its retail network expansion and further increasing the reach of its wholesale distribution. Burberry has an opportunity to further extend its apparel offering in different countries. Market for luxury fashion accessories has been booming, and Burberry has a major opportunity to setup developmental plants in Spain and Japan. Burberry should focus extensively on promoting its international distribution under brand Burberry London. Threats Burberry in its quest to establish itself in international market has been collaborating with third party vendors, which is not a positive situation, as any disruption in relations with third party vendors might affect its international operations. Counterfeit of Burberry products have become a major issue with the organisation. Due to this issue, often customers also buy counterfeit products resulting in bad customer experience, and hampering the overall brand image. Ansoffs Matrix for Burberry A typical Ansoffs matrix is displayed below based on which matrix for Burberry will be derived. Based on the above matrix, following matrix can be designed for Burberry: Figure 3: Burberry's Ansoffs matrix Hence, based on above matrix it can be said that Burberry has not focused much on its diversification aspect. Even though it has a major market penetration through class garments, outwear trench coats etc. but it is yet to diversify its product portfolio especially in international markets. In addition, in its bid to develop the market, it has launched an exclusive childrens wear line in China, which reflects its focus on developing international market for its products (Anholt, 2002). Based on the current analysis of Burberry, and its financial condition it can be clearly said that Burberry has positioned itself in a strategic position in the fashion market. Burberry is one of the iconic fashion brands, which has dominated the luxury fashion segment in the United Kingdom since decades along with other brands such as Gucci, Prada etc. However, with fast saturating market of luxury fashion market and dominance of the brands such as Gucci, Prada, Ralph Lauren etc. Burberry should focus on further diversification and internationalization of its products (Bilkey Nes, 2011). Burberry should take advantage of its rich heritage and history behind its product and should invest significantly in the concept of nation branding. There have been several iconic brands such as Mini Cooper, Johnny Walker etc. that have benefited tremendously from the concept of nation branding. In this era of rapid globalization, consumers are intensively conscious about the brand they use or consume, and when it comes to fashion brand becomes even more relevant. In this regard, nation brand concept can play a significant role in making Burberry a truly global UK brand with a rich history and heritage behind it (Gudjonsson, 2005). Alignment of Burberry with nation branding Burberry has already a well-established presence in the international market. Its iconic-checkered pattern has dominated fashion industry for a long time. However, Burberry should focus on capitalization of these aspects to create itself as a brand synonymous with values and culture of United Kingdom (Grhan-Canli Maheswaran, 2000). In order to create nation brand out of Burberry it is important that Burberry focus on specific aspects mentioned below: Focus on ancient heritage value of Burberry Considering the fact that Burberry was established in 1856, it has a rich historical background behind it. It is important to understand that in concept of nation brand perception of customer is driven by the fact that how old a company is. For example, brands like Johnny Walker etc. have been in existence for at least 100 years now. Burberry should take advantage of this and should associate its ancient background in the promotion (Anholt, 2008). For example, in the promotional campaigns, Burberry can use promotional materials reflecting old advertisements as displayed below: These images as mentioned above in it are iconic representation of Burberry huge heritage. Consumers, who use any luxury fashion product, try to find the origin of the fashion or the brand. That is why there is inclination towards fashion brands, which originate from Italy or France, because these two places are considered hub of the contemporary fashion. Similarly, Burberry should also focus on establishing itself as a brand, which has an ancient origin and has legendary or iconic products like checkered trench etc. that are still a rage in the fashion market. Focus on this aspect by Burberry will also give significant amount of reliability to its accessory line of products as well. For examples over a period, Burberry has been focusing extensively in expanding its fragrance line of products. In this regard, Burberry can relate the concept of nation branding, with its products with tag lines like Fragrance from UKs oldest fashion house etc. Such tactics helps the customer to instantly trust the product and consider the same in the buying decisions (Kaneva, 2011). Tactical promotions of the product Burberry should focus on tactical promotion of its products, where its focus should not be just selling the products, but also making the customers making aware and inquisitive about the brand and country from which it originates. For example, below image can be used as a promotional material for Burberry (Volcic Andrejevic, 2011). Above image has nothing fancied to it, but it still reflects one of the most popular brand identities of Burberry. Check pattern of Burberry has been a rage since it first emerged. Hence, Burberry can utilize this aspect in order to create awareness in the mind of its international products. Hence above image despite of being a simplistic representation of the iconic check pattern scarf, tells a customer about the brand of Burberry and its history (Widler, 2007). Existing situation of Burberry w.r.t COO concept Based on the recent survey conducted by a brand agency related to interaction between COO and brand for luxury products, there was study on four popular brands in field of luxury fashion industry. These brands were Burberry, Ferragamo, Armani, and Chanel. Finding of this study is displayed in the image below, which clearly reflects that Burberry products are mainly purchased due to its brand name, as compared to products like Chanel or Armani, which are not just purchased because of its brand name but also due to its national origin. Thus above diagram reflects the importance of COO for Burberry. Focus on brand equity elements. Concept of COO has a major impact on the brand equity elements such as brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, and brand loyalty. This aspect can be understood by the image displayed below: Hence, for Burberry, it is important to focus on the alignment of these brand equity elements with the concept of COO. It is important to understand for Burberry that perception of product, which is made in a country with a stronger product category, has interpretation that is more positive. This can be understood by example of German automobile industry. Companies like Audi or BMW are synonymous to German automobile sector and vice-versa. The product positioning has been so impactful for these companies that they are seen as the representatives of the high quality automobiles being produced by a German company (Hanna Rowley, 2008). In long run, Burberry should focus intensively on creation of a global brand image, which remains in sync with its strategy for nation branding (Dinnie, 2004). Potential issues with the COO based branding strategy for Burberry If there are tremendous benefits, which Burberry can derive from its COO branding strategy, then there are several pitfalls as well which it should try to avoid. For example, majority of the production of garment sold by Burberry is produced out of Britain in Asian and other developing countries. In such situation if Burberry decides to run a campaign such as Made in Britain, etc. then people aware of this fact might term this strategy of Burberry as hypocrisy. Such kind of situation never has a positive impact on the brand image (Peterson, 2015). If Burberry has to establish its distinct British brand image, then it should first focus on bringing its manufacturing units in United Kingdom, or in a situation if bringing entire manufacturing unit to UK is not possible then it can focus on hybrid facility, where some part of the manufacturing is taken care in UK itself. Currently majority of its manufacturing takes place in China, as a result of which even if Burberry is a British brand, it will find difficult to position itself as a luxury fashion brand, just because of the fact that its garment will have made in china label on it. Most importantly, relocating the manufacturing facilities back to UK will not only help the brand to improve its international image but also will help in generating favorable response and support from government as well. In case of manufacturing relocation, the company will also generate number of local jobs, because of which it will be able to support the local community (Anholt, 2008). Co-branding with other events and partners is also an important step towards COO based branding strategy for Burberry. For example, Burberry can collaborate with fashion events across globe and sponsor them prominently as a British brand. Considering the fact that Burberry is a British organisation with product line in luxury fashion items, it will become a logical branding strategy for the organisation, and the organisation will be able to target its potential customer. Secondly, in age of e-commerce and e-business, Burberry should tie-up with either Amazon or eBay in order to sell its products across globe. Considering the fact that e-retailers like Amazon have global presence will help Burberry to increase its global reach. However, it is important for Burberry to promote its brand as hardcore British Brand on every medium whether e-commerce of brick and mortar model. Also, Burberry should focus on intensive promotional campaign in rapidly developing market by organizing events showcasing its products and brand name (Olins, 2002). In markets like Japan from where 60% of Burberrys 109m in licensing income currently comes from, should be given more importance in order to improve the penetration rate. Most importantly, developing countries like India, Brazil etc. should be focused where there is a rising class in society, which is extremely cautious about the brand they wear. Such type of customers are always inclined towards the product which originates from a brand like US or UK due it its past legacy related to various brands. Hence, Burberry can learn from the success of other British brands such as Johnny Walker, or Mini Cooper, in order to position itself (Morgan et al, 2002). Conclusion Based on analysis of Burberry, it can be concluded that nation brand approach is an important strategic move for the organisation, which it can use towards gaining significant advantage over its rival companies. However, it should be aware of various pitfalls that it might encounter as a result of this strategy. Nation branding approach has to be planned first and based on the plan only it should be executed. As evident from above examples and analysis, Burberry should intensively focus on the promotional aspect of its brand, since promotion and marketing is the backbone of the entire strategy. Nation branding concept not only associates the brand with the nations image, but vice-versa scenario is equally true as well, that is why any promotional strategy by Burberry should also consider the image of country, as any negative promotional tactic might create resistance for the brand within country itself. References Anholt, S. 2002. Nation branding: A continuing theme.Journal of Brand Management, (10), 59-60. Anholt, S. 2008. Place branding: Is it marketing, or isnt it?.Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,4(1), 1-6. Anholt, S. 2008. Place branding: Is it marketing, or isnt it?.Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,4(1), 1-6. Bilkey, W. J., Nes, E. 2011. Country-of-origin effects on product evaluations.Journal of international business studies,13(1), 89-100. Brand Finance. 2015.Brand Finance. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.brandfinance.com/news/press_releases/brands-are-great-british-brands-grow-by-over-37-billion. [Accessed 20 March 2015]. Burberry - Iconic British Luxury Brand Est. 1856. 2015.Burberry - Iconic British Luxury Brand Est. 1856. [ONLINE] Available at:https://in.burberry.com/. [Accessed 20 March 2015]. Burberry: A great British success | Analysis | Retail Week. 2015.Burberry: A great British success | Analysis | Retail Week. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.retail-week.com/burberry-a-great-british-success/5034635.article. [Accessed 20 March 2015]. Dinnie, K. 2004. Place branding: Overview of an emerging literature.Place Branding,1(1), 106-110. Dinnie, K. 2010.Nation branding. Routledge. Fan, Y. 2006. Branding the nation: What is being branded?.Journal of vacation marketing,12(1), 5-14. Future Growth Strategies (Part 1: Analysis) | On Burberry.... 2015.Future Growth Strategies (Part 1: Analysis) | On Burberry.... [ONLINE] Available at:https://brandburberry.wordpress.com/2011/11/06/future-growth-strategies-part-1-analysis/. [Accessed 20 March 2015]. Gudjonsson, H. 2005. Nation branding.Place branding,1(3), 283-298. Grhan-Canli, Z., Maheswaran, D. 2000). Cultural variations in country of origin effects.Journal of Marketing Research,37(3), 309-317. Han, C. M., Terpstra, V. 2011. Country-of-origin effects for uni-national and bi-national products.Journal of international business studies, 235-255. Hanna, S., Rowley, J. 2008. An analysis of terminology use in place branding.Place branding and public diplomacy,4(1), 61-75. Kaneva, N. 2011. Nation branding: Toward an agenda for critical research.International Journal of Communication,5, 25. Morgan, N., Pritchard, A., Pride, R. 2002.Destination branding: creating the unique destination proposition. Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. Olins, W. 2002. Branding the nationThe historical context.The Journal of Brand Management,9(4), 241-248. Peterson, R. A., Jolibert, A. J. 2015. A meta-analysis of country-of-origin effects.Journal of International Business Studies, 883-900. The hypocrisy of Burberry's 'Made in Britain' appeal | Carole Cadwalladr | Comment is free | The Guardian. 2015. The hypocrisy of Burberry's 'Made in Britain' appeal | Carole Cadwalladr | Comment is free | The Guardian. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jul/16/burberry-china-british-carole-cadwalladr. [Accessed 20 March 2015]. Volcic, Z., Andrejevic, M. 2011. Nation branding in the era of commercial nationalism.International Journal of Communication,5, 21. Widler, J. 2007. Nation branding: With pride against prejudice.Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,3(2), 144-150.

Incorporating Human development theory

Introduction There are numerous inferences that can be drawn from Piaget and Maslow’s ideologies that they formulated, ratified, and presented to explain various aspects of human development and other considerable provisions. Human development is an elaborated process requiring various considerable factors in order to illuminate its diverse aspects.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Incorporating Human development theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Concurrently, it is crucial to consider such aspects in the context of human development. This paper endeavors to compare Piaget’s use of concrete and formal operations and Maslow’s use of concrete and abstract thoughts to establish and explain various human phenomena. Understanding this context in the realms of human development and other considerable features is important. Concurrently, it is vital to incorporate human development the ories into the drug abuse/addiction prevention theories in order to illuminate its various aspects. This is a considerable phenomenon despite the looming challenges. Piaget based his arguments on actual and formal operations. Thus, he endeavored to explain his ideologies formally and considerably. He was able to relate the nature of knowledge itself and how people develop progressively to attain various behaviors. Addiction is relevant in this context due to its gradual development in the body system. Its acquisition occurs gradually regardless of the situation. Conversely, Maslow developed numerous ideologies meant to set various human principles and explain various phenomena. He ratified credible and abstract thoughts in order to distinguish vast ideologies concerning human development. This is a crucial provision when considered in this framework. It is crucial to understand these provisions in the developmental context in order to comprehend the aspects of drug abuse and its cha racterizing addictions (Hogan, 2003). How they are similar The aspects of human development are critical in this context. Concurrently, it is important to incorporate human development theories into the prevention mechanisms (regarding addiction). These relate to the similarities drawn from ideologies presented by Piaget and Maslow. Firstly, both theorists unveil the cognitive and physical development concerns. These factors are important in understanding various aspects of human development in the context of drug abuse and addiction. Piaget’s concrete and formal perceptions merge perfectly with Maslow’s actual and abstract thoughts meant to explain various aspects of the human development.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is a considerable provision in the creation of relevant ideologies applicable in explaining and preventing addiction and its aspects. It is important to understand such provisions as demonstrated before. Precisely, both ideologies endeavor to explain various aspects of human development that can be used to understand numerous provisions in the context of drug abuse and addiction. Additionally, both theories converge at a single point with regard to human development. For example, when Maslow’s formulated the hierarchy of human needs, physiological provision majored in the list. This indicates how the aspects of human development and other relevant factors must be fulfilled first (Hodson, 2001). This is supported by Piaget in his actual and formalized ideologies. Addiction is a physiological provision, which must be addressed for an individual to operate normally. In this context, it is important to incorporate such provisions in the prevention mechanisms meant to alleviate the aspects of drug abuse and addiction. Treatment options recommended in this context are numerous. Nonetheless, they might possess some disparities in the realms of principles and other relevant factors. It is imperative to understand such aspects before considering the ideologies presented by these theorists as futile and void. This is a crucial consideration when discerning the similarities that exists amidst the Piaget and Maslow’s ideologies and human developmental principles. The developmental processes, genetic epistemologies, and other considerable life concerns are fronted by these theorists (Shaffer Kipp, 2010). They endeavor to explain various principles applicable in the prevention factors regarding drug abuse and addiction. Understanding the provision of addiction in the context of human development is important as demonstrated by both ideologies. How they are different While comparing Piaget’s use of concrete and formal operations and Maslow’s use of material and abstract thoughts, numerous disparities are discernible despite the similarities indicated earlier. Both theorists based their ideologies on varying principles with regard to human development and other considerable factors. It is crucial to understand these provisions in order to establish substantial disparities amidst the two ideologies (Hogan, 2003). Evidently, Piaget formalized his findings in order to discern critical aspects of human development, addiction processes, and other relevant provisions applicable in this context.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Incorporating Human development theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is understandable to establish various components of human development in the realms of drug abuse, addiction, and other relevant provisions applicable in this context. Another disparity is that Maslow based his ideas on abstractions when making ultimate conclusions on critical matters (Hodson, 2001). Ideally, it is important to draw critical life aspects of these ideologies. The ability t o integrate the elements and effects of an activity/happening is an important concept in this case. Continuous application or use of something might trigger the aspects of addiction and other relevant provisions meant to explain this concept. It is evident that both Piaget and Maslow possess different opinions in this provision; nonetheless, there is a conventional consideration in this context. Whether there are value judgments inherent in either view Agreeably, there are value judgments inbuilt in either view. This is evident by the explanations and values possessed by both virtues. It is crucial to understand this phenomenon in various aspects. When Piaget presented his concrete and formal ideologies in order to explain the provisions of human development and other relevant aspects, several issues emerged so as to formulate addiction prevention mechanisms and other appropriate remedial factors worth consideration. Understanding the biological, cognitive, and psychological aspects of addiction is critical in this note (Shaffer Kipp, 2010). They constitute the value judgments embraced in the prevention programs meant to treat various components of addiction. Concurrently, the theories fronted by Maslow and Piaget constitute considerable and valuable provisions applicable vastly. This is quite critical in the human contexts. Concurrently, Maslow’s theories on the provisions of human needs and other relevant ideologies tend to explain critical aspects of human development. Thus, it is important to agree that both views have inherent value judgments. Conclusions Conclusively, comparison of Piaget’s use of concrete and formal operations and Maslow’s use of concrete and abstract thoughts indicate critical provisions in the context of human development. It is possible to incorporate the aspects of human development in the prevention programs meant to curb drug abuse and addiction. The arguments presented by Piaget in his works provide critical ideologies helpful in this context. Additionally, Maslow coined the hierarchy of human needs in order to categorize and illuminate various life provisions helpful in this context. The two ideologies presented by Piaget and Maslow contain varying similarities and other disparities. Nonetheless, both have inherent values applicable in discerning human developmental aspects.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Hodson, C. (2001). Psychology and Work. London: Routledge. Hogan, J. (2003). Substance abuse prevention: The intersection of science and practice. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Shaffer, D. Kipp, K. (2010). Developmental psychology: Childhood and adolescence. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. This research paper on Incorporating Human development theory was written and submitted by user Benson L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

PG Organizational studies

PG Organizational studies Introduction In an effort to evaluate economic aspects and concepts in relation to an organization setting, this term paper focuses on a popular consumer company Proctor and Gamble, (PG), namely, on its organizational structure, employee compensation package, job design and dimension, as well as recommendations made in an effort to improve its operations.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on PG: Organizational studies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Company description Proctor and Gamble, commonly referred to as PG is a giant consumer good producer whose offices are distributed all over the world. What initially was a business partnership of its founders Proctor and Gamble, PG has become what it is today as a result of excellent and aggressive branding. The company has an impressive and extensive product line, which ranges from pet foods, cleaning agents, personal care products and until recently, foods and beverage s, making it one of the largest consumer goods companies in the world. This position has been complemented further upon the acquisitions the company has made overtime in a bid to diversify its product line. This has culminated to the substantial increase in profits. The company restructured its operations from its former global structure to embracing the matrix structure that has resulted into the categorization of the structure to include two Global Business Units with each unit, further divided into Business Segments, namely, beauty segment, grooming segment, health care segment, snacks and pet care segment, fabric care, home care segment, baby care and family home care segment. As a result of embracing this structure, the company sales levels have soared as a result of faster decision making, which is made possible due to the decentralization aspect brought about by the structure. PG has a leading position in many areas of consumer products, making its brand decision desirable to many firms. Good leadership, coupled with a combined team effort from all employees in all PG’s subsidiaries have strengthened its stance in the global arena, enabling the company to survive and thrive in an increasingly competitive global market for over 100 years. This has led to the fact that the company has received numerous honors, such as the Fortune magazine award of the Global Top companies for leaders and also awarded it the fifth place among the most popular companies.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Chief Executive Magazine, PG is the best overall company for leadership development as depicted in its list of the 40 best firms for leaders (Daft, 2010). These achievements have not come easy as hard work and dedication have been the driving forces of the company’s success. Organizational structure An organizational structure , according to Daft (2010) is defined as a diagrammatic and architectural representation of a firm’s processes and procedures. In other words, it refers to an organizational hierarchy of people and how information flows within the organization. Taking due consideration of this definition, Proctor and Gamble has adopted a matrix organizational structure. Being a multinational firm with widespread networks all over the world, the structure is most appropriate for handling global operations. This has seen the firm decentralize its operations, enabling it to open up the regional front in areas it represents by means of appointing regional directors. The directors handle activities from the divisions available in that specific region and reports to the Headquarters. In this case, the firm has needs decentralization so the regional agencies could enjoy a great deal of autonomy in decision making. It has proved beneficial as each market is unique and different from the other one as each serves consumers who are themselves different, hence have different tastes and preferences. In a bid to address this issue and serve their customers effectively by responding to their needs, the matrix structure becomes most appropriate. This is a deviation from the global structure the firm had adopted as part of its global strategy. With this structure, it was characterized by centralized decision making, coordination and control at the level of key functional activities, such as research and development, operations and marketing, thereby seeing agencies receiving directives via direct communication from the Headquarters. This goes, however, against the advancements made possible due to the courtesy of the matrix structure.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on PG: Organizational studies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The matrix structure also makes the global dimension be represented by the executive in cha rge of the worldwide product division while the local dimension is in the hands of the business units in the countries. As part of its marketing strategy, PG has 7 Market Development Organizations (MDOs), responsible for marketing products in the global regions where its presence is felt (Company 2013). Agency problem Lasher (2010) defines an agency problem as a conflict of interest, arising when people (agents) entrusted to look after the interests of others (principals) use the authority or power for their own benefit instead. In this case, the agent’s interest is self-motivated and overrides the one of the principals’, which should not be the case. This problem, also referred to as principal-agent problem, is most prevalent in organizations that offer a great deal of autonomy in decision making, enabling the trustees of the shareholders to take advantage of their position to work activities in their own favor. PG has not avoided this issue as there have been reports of the manifestation of the agency problem in the company. This has taken the form of price fixing, in other words, the establishing of products prices or services, rather than allowing it to be determined naturally through free market forces. PG in collaboration with Unilever, another consumer goods company, established a price fixing cartel in Europe. This led to PG, incurring a fine of $ 456.3 million. This adversely affected the share prices of its stocks, thereby leading to shareholders, losing the value of their stocks as well as affecting the reputation of the company which suffered a great blow. In this case, the directors and managers compromised the shareholders’ interests, by engaging in illegal business for unsustainable high sales levels. Directors, managers and employees of companies are supposed to use their delegated authority to maximize the total financial returns from the business to its owners (Lasher 2010). Therefore, PG acted contrary to its duty in reg ards to its shareholders. The main reason for the occurrence of the problem was due to the urge to create artificial prices that would translate to higher profits for the firm at the expense of the consumer. Upon the exposure of this illegal activity, the firm could suffer immensely as a result of fines imposed on it, as well as loss in investor confidence.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a bid to correct the above situation, Lasher (2010) proposes the following measures the firm could adopt: Instituting measures, such as tough screening processes. The firm needs to put in place more restrictions that will see the decisions made by individuals scrutinized in order to promote transparency as well as accountability. This will help curb the occurrence of the problem. Introducing watchdog bodies within the firm. These bodies may take the form of committees, such as a financial committee, procurement committee, etc. This form of transparency of operations will instill discipline in employees as they will be wary of being exposed as a result of illegal activities, such as the occurrence of the agency problem. These bodies or committees should be comprised of independent members who do not have vested interests in the firm, as well as individuals of high levels of integrity and professionalism. Introducing incentives for good behavior and punishments for bad behavior. In an effort to award good behavior, the firm could introduce performance-based compensation. This will motivate individuals to work hard in the right way in order to enjoy defined compensation perks. Bad behavior could draw punishments in the form of threats of demotion or even result to firing some concerned individuals. This will make individuals conscious of their activities in order to avoid such eventualities. Job dimension Job dimension generally entails a description of the job in regards to the duties, purpose, responsibilities, scope and working conditions. This clearly identifies the title of the job which an individual can identify himself/herself with (Bailey 2009). PG description of job dimensions is, however, based on a global perspective because of its nature of being a multinational organization which has seen the description of jobs in its portfolio differ with regards to geographical position of the firm. Regional agencies of the firm differ with regards to the oper ations and local conditions in the host countries where they are located. This, consequently, means that the jobs ascribed to individuals working within the global platform prompt the proper organization and design of proper job dimensions that are in line with the demands placed on these agencies. Regions where PGs influence is felt are different and unique from each other. Each of them has different needs that need to be assessed in the determination of appropriate strategies that can be adopted. This also applies to the description of job dimensions. Employees, working in different regions need to have properly defined job descriptions that detail specific duties and purpose, customized in accordance with the demands of the local market which they serve, in a bid to achieve set targets and objectives. PG current design is, therefore, appropriate for its business. Running a global firm is no easy feat as it requires an effective organizational structure and an effective and motiva ted workforce. Employees within the firm have properly defined duties expected of them which create the basis for the evaluation of their performance. As a result, it creates clear and defined tasks which they use to guide their performance. Job design Mathis and Jackson (2010) define job design as the process of putting together various elements of a job in accordance with organizational as well as individual requirements and presenting considerations of health, safety and ergonomics. This leads to the outlining activities to be performed by an individual in accordance with the requirements of a job, while ensuring that a firm’s objectives are being achieved as well as ensuring that the employee is being considered with regards to achievement of personal objectives, while observing the health and safety of the employee. A good job design is important as it enables a firm to determine factors which affect work. In this case, firms are able to identify such factors and act acc ordingly in order to either exploit them to improve the firm’s business, or to downplay them if they have a negative impact on the firm’s performance. These factors are normally concerned with employee working conditions. It also enables to identify what tasks are require to be done, that is, companies require formulation of the firm’s strategic plan that details objectives that the firm strives to achieve, as well as relevant activities or tasks that will help to achieve these objectives as stipulated in the plan. This enables a firm to focus on what it aims at achieving, hence directing resources in an effective way to achieve these goals in the end. A good job design also determines when and how tasks are going be done. Identification of tasks required to be done is not enough as there is a need to determine the appropriate time to undertake them, based on the identified factors, influencing the firm, such as the status of the economy, as well as the methodol ogy adopted to carry out the tasks in a manner that will see the maximum use of resources in an effective way. This in effect enables organizations to make substantial cost savings. It must also be mentioned that despite the identification of tasks required to be performed as well as the appropriate methodology and timing to carry them out, the emphasis with regards to the determination of a job design results to the prioritization of tasks as it is impractical to carry them out all at once. Based on the above advantages that result from the adoption of formulation of a job design, the following are recommendations on how PG can improve its job design strategy (Mathis and Jackson 2010): Allow and encourage employee participation in the job design process because the inclusion of employee input will help their opinions be incorporated in the job design, for instance, they may vary activities proposed, based on their personal needs, work habits and circumstances in the workplace. The company should organize training workshops and seminars that are dedicated to assisting employees know what is expected from them with regards to tasks they are supposed to carry out in order to achieve clarity on how to carry them out. The job design should have good work/rest schedules- This assists employees revamp their energy hence results to employee performance improvement. Compensation package Compensation does not only mean financial benefits accorded to employees but also includes non-financial aspects, such as employee professional development through training or motivating employees. Based on my own personal view, the compensation package can be considered as not perfect since perfection has never been achieved by any firm as employee needs are diverse, and it’s not possible to satisfy all of them. However, although there is still room for improvement, PG has tried to come up with an attractive compensation package that is responsive to changing trends in the ma rket as described below: It offers competitive salaries; It has also a comprehensive flexible benefits program that allows employees to choose health, dental, disability and life insurance benefits that meet their unique needs and circumstances. Retirement plans are funded by the company and provide employees with flexibility in plan, design and investment options. Existence of any Employee Assistance Program gives employees a confidential access to professional counseling to help them deal with any personal or family problems. In order to improve the existing compensation package, the firm could adopt the following recommendations as suggested by Madura (2007), namely: Evaluate their compensation management maturity and identify shortcomings. This will prompt the company to take appropriate steps in an effort to correct the situation, hence assist in achieving an employee satisfaction. Integrate appropriate sources and systems. This will enable the company to integrate existing information sources with compensation and workforce performance. This will enable the company to increase system efficiency that employees can relate with. References Bailey, T (2009). Organizational culture, macro and micro empowerment dimensions. Washington: Joessey Publishers. Company. (2013). Retrieved from https://us.pg.com/ Daft, P (2010). Organizational theory and design. New York: Sage Publishers. Lasher, P (2010). Practical financial management. Boston: Oxford Publishers. Madura, J (2007). Introduction to business. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishers. Mathis, R and Jackson, J (2010). Human resources management. New York: Sage Publishers.

Northeast Utilities Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Northeast Utilities - Research Paper Example The company that is the subject of this research is Northeast Utilities Industries. This company was formed in 1966 following the successful business merger that occurred between Connecticut Light and Power Company (CL&P), the Hartford Electric Light Company, and the Western Massachusetts Electric Company (WMECO). This merger made the companies come under one management qualifying to be the largest multi-state holding following the Public Utility Holding Act of 1935. Other companies later joined the merger in the subsequent years and in this case, Holyoke Water Power Company (HWP) joined in 1967 and finally, in 1992, Public Service Company of New Hampshire (PSNH) signed a deal to merge with the company. This informs that five companies that were once independent constitute the Utility. In 2010, Northeast Utility further eluded their intention to the merger with NSTAR but maintaining the title as Northeast Utility and this is still a subject of approval. It is worth noting that the co mpany is listed in the Fortune 500 with the headquarters at Berlin, Connecticut. The company also runs several subsidiaries in the business of retailing electricity and natural gas. The company’s customer base in New England is about 2.1 million and this qualifies it to be one of the largest public utilities in New England. In this regard, the company has electric transmission lines covering 3,140 miles with about 32, 802 distribution pole miles. Their natural gas distribution also covers an area of about 5,000 km2.... In any business, it is very important to understand these forces so that one can identify the source of business strength and weaknesses so that the necessary adjustments can follow. In this case, this industry faces fierce competition from other companies providing similar products-competitive rivalry. This includes other companies like, First Energy, UIL Holdings, UNITIL, NSTAR, and EnerNOC (Murray, 2012). The existence of these companies in the provision of the same product has elicited severe competition in the provision of the same service-energy. There is different customer’s loyalty experienced in the market and other factors like switching cost that make the competition based on the existence similar products industries to be fierce. In the industry, there is need to achieve change in different categories; to achieve change in the efficiency of the energy production and distribution, this is aimed at reducing the cost of energy to the final consumers. When the cost of production is reduced, there is possibility of reducing the cost of the final product that goes to the consumers and thus a company is able to cut themselves a niche in the market. In this sense, the factor that is driving change in the company is the need to provide the consumers with products at moderated prizes to acquire a larger share in the market place. The reliability and safety of the product is also a concern of the company, the company dealing in the provision of the utilities tend to have the sense of reliability to the customers so that they do not lose market on that grounds. Competitors in the Industry Like any other business, the provision of the energy in which Northeast Utility is involved is experiencing the same competition from other service providers.

Employment Law Compliance Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employment Law Compliance Plan - Assignment Example Please note that the descriptions contain the consequences of the violation of the employment laws. The federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour applies to covered nonexempt employees (Fox & Davenport, 2013). The rate took effect from July 24, 2009. The minimum wage in Texas and Federal are equal. The federal minimum wage covers the workers of businesses with more than $500,000 (Canas & Cross, 2008). However, the administrative personnel, executives, and professional workers are exempted from the protection of the minimum wage. The non-exempted employees deserve a pay for the overtime for time worked over forty hours. The employers are liable for minimum wage if they classify the employees incorrectly as exempt when they do not qualify such status. The violation of the law attracts a fine of more than $100,000. It is a requirement for the employers to offer safety to the employees as stipulated in the Occupational Safety and Health Act. The employees should work in a safe environment that is free of hazards such as toxic chemicals, excessive heat and noise, and mechanical dangers. The employees can file their complaints with the Texas Department of Insurance Division of Workers’ Compensation (TDIDWC) (Fox & Davenport, 2013). The employers are liable to compensate the employees as determined by TDIDWC or OSHA. Employers cannot discriminate against the employees who file such complaints. The law prohibits any form of employment discrimination based on religion, race, sex, sexual orientation, color, national origin, disability, and age. Additionally, the law stipulates that employers should not discriminate employees who comply with a subpoena (Canas & Cross, 2008). Employers who violate the law are liable to prosecution and charges imposed on them. The courts have the rights to compel the employers to give compensation to the employees who have suffered due to discrimination. The employers should not

The Implications of Spanish Essay Example for Free

The Implications of Spanish Essay The United States is the world’s fourth largest Spanish-speaking country. This ranking should not come as a surprise to anyone. According to Renan Alemendarez Coello (qtd. in Hochmuth), it is not that hard to find someone who speaks either limited English or no English at all on the street today. Indeed, recent demographic studies and observations that have been made by researchers have implied that Spanish is the second most widely used language in the country, next to English. This is because as of the year 2000, Mexican immigrants make up 27. 6% of the total foreign-born U. S. population with another 5 million immigrants coming from other Spanish-speaking nations and countless of unaccounted illegal migrants entering the country in the U. S. – Mexico border and Americans learning Spanish through formal education (Carreira 334; Lipski 14; Huntington 26; U. S. English Foundation 15). In certain and territories of the country such as Miami and Puerto Rico, Spanish has become the primary language used not just in homes, but in business and politics (Castro; Lipski 29-31). In fact, in the 1984 national elections Jones had reported to Senator Quentin N. Burdick that in Texas alone 283,000 voters from 1,012 precincts in the states were Hispanics covered by the 1965 Voting Rights Act which mandated that elections be conducted in a language aside from English in order for the minority would be able to exercise in their right to vote (1-2). Even more recently, the Democratic Party’s presidential candidate debate held in September 2003 was done both in English and Spanish (Lipski 30). While the evidence mentioned establishes Spanish as the second language of the United States, these proof that Spanish is flourishing in the country today has given a growing rise of concern among many Americans about its implications. Many have begun to fear that the proliferation of Spanish in the country would cause the nation to be divided and would even hinder the country from progressing (Hochmuth; Lipski 30). One significant issue currently faced by the country today that has been linked to the growth of the Spanish language in the country is the growing academic achievement gap between Hispanics and Caucasians. In a recent study made by Rumberger and Anguiano in 1998 in 120 kindergarten schools in California, they have attributed that the academic achievement gap is caused by two factors namely the socio-economic status of the family of the student and the English proficiency of the student (17). These two factors are interlinked with each other. Since Hispanic immigrants are not fluent or do not speak English efficiently, they are unable to find employment to be able to uplift their socio-economic status (Hochmuth; Lipski 34). Because of this, they are unable to provide their children the skills needed in order to be able to perform competently once they enter school. This is evident in the grade point averages that they receive in secondary schools and in their Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores as compared to students from other cultural backgrounds (Lavin-Loucks 3-5; Rumberger and Anguiano 4). This would eventually lead to long term consequences ranging from unemployment to dependency on welfare (Lavin-Loucks 7). In order to address the matter, some government organizations have began to lobby for fluency in the English language should be mandated. Dubbed as the â€Å"English Only† movement, its statutes may range from declaring English as the sanctioned language in the state to the exclusion of non-English assistance and services. Today, sixteen states have become â€Å"English Only† states. These states include Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Nebraska, North and South Carolina, North Dakota, Tennessee and Virginia. Supporters of this movement see this as the solution to address other concerns such as the academic achievement gap and the high number living in poverty (American Civil Liberties Union 2; Lipski 34). In order to educate immigrants to become fluent in English, they would facilitate the education through the use of English immersion programs. These programs would prohibit the use of any language except English. There are three methods that could be used for these programs. The first is the English as a Second Language (ESL) method which supplements the classes with additional lessons in English. ESL may focus on grammar and language structure or focus on the contents through communication. The second method is the sheltered immersion method where the English taught is dependent on the proficiency level of the student. The third model is called the â€Å"sink or swim† method. This involves were placed in regular classrooms regardless of their proficiency level. This third method was banned by the Supreme Court in 1974 (The Benefits of Bilingual Education). However, there are many who protest to the â€Å"English Only† movement. Coalitions such as the American Civil Liberties Union have noted that while there are some benefits to this movement, there are also a number of consequences which they view as bearing more weight compared to the benefits. For one, the â€Å"English Only† movement would void federal and state laws which require the government to provide services in languages apart from English, such as the 1965 Voting Rights Act (Jones 1) as well as services pertaining to everything from health and education to assistance to victims of crimes or accidents (2). It also leads to the abandonment of multicultural events. This movement would also lead to Spanish-language, and other foreign language, programs in television and radio stations to forfeit their licenses and would eventually go off the air. Furthermore, immigrants who are coerced English one way or another would experience some psychological woes. In an interview, Ronald Rodriguez (qtd. in Torres) found himself becoming aloof in his class where everyone, but him, spoke English as a youngster. When he eventually became fluent with the English language, he began to feel a sense of embarrassment in speaking Spanish and had a feeling that he had betrayed his family for speaking English. Moreover, this movement is contradictory to the Equal Protection Clause protected by the Fourteenth Amendment and would inhibit immigrants who are not proficient in English of certain rights such as the right to vote, education and to be free of discrimination (2-3). This would make the â€Å"English Only† policy as a racist policy (Schmidt 143). Opposing groups have proposed alternatives to the â€Å"English Only† policy. In order to solve national concerns such as the academic achievement gap and the growing poverty due to unemployment on the part of immigrants is through bilingual education (Huntington 30). Bilingual education was initially employed to level out unequal education (Arce 228). Bilingualism refers to an individual’s knowledge of two or more languages apart from his or her own native language and the ability to function in these languages according to the need (Meyer and Fienberg 2; Minami). These abilities include speaking, reading, writing, and understanding (Chiocca). There are three bilingual education models that are currently used in the country today. The first model is the Transitional model. This model accentuates English language development and academic learning using the native language of the students as the medium to instruct them. The second model is the Developmental model. This model is aimed to advance the fluency of the student both in writing, reading and speaking both in their native language and in English. The third model is the dual language program. This program teaches both English and the student’s native language alternately to the students in order to make them fluent in both English and the student’s native language (Lipski 29-30; The Benefits of Bilingual Education). In today’s society, all nations including the United States are geared towards globalization (Robinson). In line with this, more and more individuals view bilingual education and dual language programs to become popular (Lipski 29-30). Children who are enrolled in bilingual education programs in the country have been reported to succeed academically since their language and culture are incorporated in the curriculum of the program and in their daily interactions in the classrooms providing a firm language foundation (Arce 228; Wu and Ito). This environment allows the children enrolled in bilingual programs to foster a feeling of security (Konishi). Being proficient in more than one language also allows students the opportunity to continue their education in other countries (Fallows). Furthermore, bilingual education preserves the student’s sense of pride, making them able to blend in a dominant English speaking easily able to interact with his or her classmates at the same time protecting their sense of identity since language and culture are important to the identity of an individual (The Benefits of Bilingual Education). In line with this, bilingualism also allows Americans in order to understand the other cultures in the country. A few of the languages that Lipski had suggested for Americans to select as a second language to learn are Chinese, Japanese and Spanish (29). Bilingualism also has its benefits in the corporate world. Bilingual candidates, particularly those who are fluent in Spanish and English, have greater employment opportunities than those who can only speak one language (Chiocca). This is due to the growing Hispanic market in the country. As of 2000, the Hispanic community is reported to have a purchasing power of over $300 billion annually (Carreira 334). Thus, many business organizations in the United States prefer to hire individuals who are able to speak both Spanish and English. The need for bilingual employees is more imperative in industries that inquire vast amount of paperwork. Examples of these industries are car sales, insurance, mortgaging companies, and those who cater to foreign clients. In these industries, the transactions between the customer and the company are seen to have high risks. Bilingual employees minimize these risks by being able to communicate effectively with their clients. An employee who is able to speak the same language as the company’s customers would be able to make them feel more secure and important to the business (Jares; Shepherd). An example of this was when Continental Airlines began to service passengers to Latin America and began to hire bilingual stewards and stewardesses for these flights. Erica Roy, spokesperson of Continental Airlines stated that the company decided to hire bilingual stewards and stewardesses because the company’s clientele was improving in Latin America and the company wanted to make the customers feel comfortable (Jares). Despite the many benefits bilingual education may bring about to an individual, particularly to children, many researchers have found that it has its share of disadvantages. According to the studies of these researchers, children who enroll in bilingual education programs experience more hardships in terms of language proficiency as compared to those who grow up learning only one language. Bilingual children have been noted to exhibit vocabulary proficiency scores below normal in either of the two languages. Researchers attribute this to the fact that since they are learning two different languages, they are learning twice as many words within the same time span as that of a child who is only learning one language. Other researchers have also concluded that bilingual education can inhibit the cognitive development of the child which may result to retardation (Minami). Recent studies on the impact of bilingual education to the cognitive development of a child have shown results contrary to the initial findings made by researchers. In fact, studies have shown that children who are raised learning more than one language have a higher potential to become smarter than those who only learned one language. In a study done in Darthmouth College headed by Laura-Ann Petitto, a group of children whose ages were between 4 and 6 years old and spoke either French or English were compared against a group of bilingual children who were learning one spoken and one signed language. The cognitive capability of the participants of the study were compared using a commonly used research device to measure the thinking ability as well as the ability to allocate attention wherein the participants telling the researchers the color of the square appearing on a computer screen and its position on the screen. The results of the study showed that the bilingual children scoring better than those who only knew one language. The results of this study disproved previous studies that cognitive development is compromised in the case of bilingual children (McCoy). Another similar study at the University College in London supported the findings made by Petitto. They had concluded that because they were learning more than one language, the brains of bilingual children are more structurally enhanced as compared to those who can only speak one language (â€Å"Linguists Have Better Brains†). Petitto confirms this by explaining that the increased demands in processing two language systems also increased the computational analysis capabilities of the brains of bilingual children (McCoy). Bilingualism has also shown to cultivate classification skills, concept forming, reasoning through analogy, and a better control in linguistic processing (Chipongian). The latter was evident in a study done by Viberg where bilingual children and monolingual children were given a story which they then needed to relay, the versions given by bilingual children were more detailed than their monolingual counterparts (Minami). Furthermore, bilingual children have been noted to be more flexible mentally and able to conceptualize better. These analytical capabilities demonstrated by bilingual children as well as the recognition of uncertainties and sensitivity towards detail and structure have also been noted to surpass that of children their age who have learned only one language. They are able to focus their attention on important details without being sidetracked by information that have no bearing on the information or details that may be misleading (Chipongian). It is important to remember that currently, the findings on how bilingual education affects the cognitive development of an individual has been concentrated on children. Further research would yet have to be to determine if the same benefits would be exemplified by teenagers and adults who learn a second language.

Working With Survivors of Trauma Essay -- Post-traumatic stress disord

Bio-psychosocial Assessment Presenting Issue Spartacus came to seek the help of a mental health specialist since he was experiencing a number of difficulties in his life after his service at the U.S. Army. He â€Å"felt different† on his return to home and found it exceedingly tough to blend in into the family life as he did before going to serve in the army. The emotional attachment he had with his family members such as the wife and the son had disappeared. Spartacus not attend to the son accordingly as a father should. Though he knew that this was not right, he could not bring himself to a solution and that is the reason why he sought specialized help. The problem had persisted for a while and Spartacus knew that the situation was getting worse. It was interfering with his day-to-day functioning. He wanted help so that he could revert back to his normal function just like in the period before living for the military. He could not sleep, he was constantly nervous, he felt less motivated and showed a general loss of ap petite. Demographic Information Spartacus is an African American male aged 25 years. He has served in the U.S. military for with multiple deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan. He had returned to his home in U.S having suffered many physical injuries during one of the combats. He was (and is still) married to Tamika and they have a son who is three years old. Current Living Situation Spartacus spent most of his time in solitude, away from the wife and son. He easily got irritated and found comfort in smoking cigarette. In his loneliness, Spartacus could spend many hours replaying the scenes from his combat experience. He always felt jumpy. Birth and Developmental History Having been born 25 years ago... ... useful evidence that helped in coming up with the right treatment for Spartacus. Bibliography Chang, Y., & Hsiao, S. (2006). Quality of Life: Scaling with Maslow‘s Need Hierarchy. Gerontology, 52(6), 376-376. Hofmann, S. G. (2007). Enhancing exposure-based therapy from a translational research perspective. Behavior Research and Therapy, 45(9), 1987-2001. Kennedy, J. E. (2007). Posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder-like symptoms and mild traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 44(7), 895-920. Resick, P. A., & Miller, M. W. (2009). Posttraumatic stress disorder: Anxiety or traumatic stress disorder?. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(5), 384-390. Taylor, S. (2004). Understanding and treating health anxiety: A cognitive-behavioral approach. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 11(1), 112-123.